Organized drug Unorganized drug

Difference between

 

Organized drug	Unorganized drug
1. Cellular structure present	1. cellular structure is absent
2. Organized drugs are part of plant, animal like, fruits, seeds, and roots.	2. Unorganized drugs are Obtained from parts of plant & animal by extraction, distillation incision.; Expression
3. To study organized drug properly, there T. S. or L. C. is token & study under microscope.	3. For study of unorganized drug physical constituent like density, viscosity, refractive index, optical rotation & chemical test are important criteria
4. They are solid in nature	4. They are solid, semi solid, or liquied
5. Ex. Fennel, Dill,	5. Lemon oil, Starch, Catechu.

 

Gum	Mucilage
1. Gums are produced by plant when it in injured of diseased by a process " Gummosis"	1. Mucilage is the normal products of plant growth.
2. Gum is produced outside the plant cell.	2. Mucilage is produced inside the cell.
3. Gums are soluble in water to form adhesive solution.	3. Mucilage are not soluble in water, they form slimy solution with water.
4. Gums are made up of sugar, salts of uronic acid e.g. Gum acacia, gum Tragacanth gum.	4. Mucilage is made up of ester & Sulphuric acid. e. g. Mucilage is present in Agar, Senna, Isapgol.

 

Dried Juice: - The juices are obtained from fleshy leaves (aloes) or from stems of the trees (kino). In all cases, incisions are made to respective part of the plant and juices coming out juice collected and dried.

LATEX : -

Latex is a product present in special tissue of plant it is white, aqueous, suspension, the suspended particles are protein, sugar, minerals, alkaloid, resin, starch. E.g. opium, papain, Gutta percha. The extract drugs are obtained by treating the part of plant with water or distillation e.g. Agar, black, catechu, gelatin

ADULTERATION

ADULTERATION

Definition:

Adulteration is the debasement of the article. Adulterant resembles in color, size, and shape of genuine drug.

Method of adulteration:

The adulteration may be deliberate or accidental

 Accidental adulteration is due to-

Carelessness, ignorance or due to lack of knowledge.

Deliberate adulteration is done to get high price of drug. Adulteration involves following

Conditions- .

1.      Spoilage, 2. Deterioration.  3. Inferiority. 4. Substitution.

Method of Adulteration: -

1.         Replacement by Exhausted Drug

It is usual in case of costly drugs like clove, Ginger, fennel, Tea, etc. The active chemical constituents are exhausted from these drugs & exhausted drug is colored properly & mixed with genuine drug.

2.         Substitution by Similar in appearance but inferior drugs: -

If the drug has not reached minimum standards of quality then it is known as inferior drug. These inferior drugs are used for adulteration.

e. g. Digitalis leaves, which contain less amount of glycosides are used as adulterant in gunine digitalis leaves.

3.         Substitution by artificially prepared adulterants: -

e. g. i) Paraffin wax is colored yellow & is mixed with bees wax. ii) Artificial invert sugar is mixed with honey.

4.         Substitution by substandard commercial Varieties :-

i) Capsicum annum is used to mix with Capsicum minimum. ii) Seeds of Strychnous nux blanda are used as adulterant in the seeds of Strychnous nuxvomica.

5.         Presence of Organic matter from the same plant: -

i) Clove stalks are used as adulterant in cloves. ii) Parts Of inflorescence of fennel, caraway, and coriander are used to mix in fennel, caraway & coriander respectively.

6.         Addition of synthetic chemical: -

i) Benzyl benzoate is added to Peru balsam. ii) Addition of Citral  to Lemon grass      

Oil